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#+Title: miryoku.org
The miryoku layout is an ergonomic, minimal, orthogonal layout for ergo or ortho
keyboards, implemented as part of the QMK firmware. The layout is maintained in
emacs org-mode tables and converted to QMK keymap data structures using embedded
python scripts. The layout is mapped onto keyboards with different physical
layouts as a subset without code duplication using the QMK userland feature and
C macros. Versions of the layout can also be seen outside of the QMK source at
[[https://github.com/manna-harbour/miryoku/]].
* Contents
- [[#layout][Layout]]
- [[#code-generation][Code Generation]]
- [[#subset-mapping][Subset Mapping]]
* Layout
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: layout
:END:
** Info
*** General Principles
- Use layers instead of reaching.
- Use both hands instead of contortions.
- Use the home positions as much as possible.
- Make full use of the thumbs.
- Avoid unnecessary complication.
*** Specifics
- 5 columns, 3 rows, 3 thumb keys, 2 hands.
- Can be used on almost any split or non-split ergo or ortho keyboard.
- Includes all keys found on a US layout TKL keyboard, plus media keys and
mouse emulation.
- Home row is the middle row, home thumb key is the middle thumb key.
- Maximum 1-u movement from home position for fingers and thumbs, and only
along one axis (except for the inner index finger column which is
deprioritised compared with the home columns).
- Dual-function modifiers on home row, mirrored on both hands.
- Dual-function layer change on thumbs.
- Layers are designed orthogonally with a single purpose per hand and are
accessed by holding a thumb key on the opposite hand.
- Holding layer change and modifiers on one hand combined with a single key
press on the other hand can produce any combination of modifiers and
single keys without any finger contortions.
- Single function mods are also defined on layers on the same hand as the
layer change thumb key so layer change and mods can be held in any order
or simultaneously without race conditions.
- As mods are only enabled on the opposite hand, auto-repeat is available on
the home row on layers for use with cursor and mouse keys.
- Tap-hold auto-repeat is disabled to enable faster tap-hold switching on
thumbs but thumb tap keys are mirrored onto some layers for use with
auto-repeat.
** Layers
The layers are maintained in tables, with the thumb keys on the bottom row. NP
indicates the key is not present and is used to fill in the table around the
thumb keys. The grid arrangement of the tables does not imply a particular
physical layout.
Basic keycodes are entered without the KC_ prefix. Symbols can be entered as-is
(excepting '"' (DQUO) and '|' (PIPE)). Empty cells are unused.
The base layer has both halves of the layout joined for convenience. Other
layers are specified as a single hand.
*** Base (BASE)
The base layer is maintained as separate tap and hold tables and are combined
into the corresponding tap-hold keycodes for mods and layer change. RST and
mods will be available on sub layers on the same hand as the layer change thumb
key. Unknown names are considered to be layer names.
Base layer alphas are Colemak DHm. Thumb keys are backspace, enter, delete on
the right and space, tab, escape on the left. Dot, comma and apostrophe are
included for prose, dot and slash for file and directory names.
#+NAME: tap
| Q | W | F | P | B | J | L | U | Y | ' |
| A | R | S | T | G | M | N | E | I | O |
| Z | X | C | D | V | K | H | , | . | / |
| NP | NP | ESC | SPC | TAB | ENT | BSPC | DEL | NP | NP |
#+NAME: hold
| RST | | | | | | | | | RST |
| LGUI | LALT | LCTL | LSFT | | | LSFT | LCTL | LALT | LGUI |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| NP | NP | MEDR | NAVR | MOUR | NSSL | NSL | FUNL | NP | NP |
*** Navigation (NAVR)
Primary right-hand layer (left home thumb) is navigation and editing. Cursor
keys are on the home position, line and page movement below, clipboard above,
caps and insert on the inner column. Thumb keys are duplicated from the base
layer to avoid having to layer change mid edit and to enable auto-repeat.
#+NAME: navr
| AGIN | UNDO | CUT | COPY | PSTE |
| CAPS | LEFT | DOWN | UP | RGHT |
| INS | HOME | PGDN | PGUP | END |
| ENT | BSPC | DEL | NP | NP |
*** Mouse (MOUR)
Secondary RH layer is mouse emulation. Mouse movement mirrors cursor navigation
on home and wheel mirrors line / page movement below. Buttons are on the
thumbs. Mouse movement, click, and drag with modifiers can be performed from
the home position. Unused keys are available for other related functions.
#+NAME: mour
| | | | | |
| | MS_L | MS_D | MS_U | MS_R |
| | WH_L | WH_D | WH_U | WH_R |
| BTN3 | BTN1 | BTN2 | NP | NP |
*** Media (MEDR)
Tertiary RH layer is media control, with volume up / down and next / prev
mirroring the navigation keys. Pause, stop and mute are on thumbs. Unused keys
are available for other related functions.
#+NAME: medr
| | | | | |
| | MPRV | VOLD | VOLU | MNXT |
| | | | | |
| MSTP | MPLY | MUTE | NP | NP |
*** Numerals and Symbols (NSL)
Primary left-hand layer (right home thumb) is numerals and symbols. Numerals
are in the standard numpad locations with symbols in the remaining positions.
Dot is duplicated from the base layer for convenience.
#+NAME: nsl
| [ | 7 | 8 | 9 | ] |
| ; | 4 | 5 | 6 | = |
| ` | 1 | 2 | 3 | \ |
| NP | NP | . | 0 | - |
*** Shifted Numerals and Symbols (NSSL)
Secondary LH layer has shifted symbols in the same locations to reduce chording
when using mods with shifted symbols. Automatically generated from unshifted
table.
*** Function and System (FUNL)
Tertiary LH layer has function keys mirroring the numerals on the primary layer
with extras on the pinkie column, plus system keys on the inner column. App
(menu) is on the tertiary thumb key and other thumb keys are duplicated from the
base layer to enable auto-repeat.
#+NAME: funl
| F12 | F7 | F8 | F9 | PSCR |
| F11 | F4 | F5 | F6 | SLCK |
| F10 | F1 | F2 | F3 | PAUS |
| NP | NP | APP | SPC | TAB |
*** COMMENT Templates
#+NAME: tem
| <l4> | <l4> | <l4> | <l4> | <l4> | <l4> | <l4> | <l4> | <l4> | <l4> |
|------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| NP | NP | | | | | | | NP | NP |
Duplicate base layer tap keys on thumbs rather than trans to enable auto-repeat.
#+NAME: temr
| <l4> | <l4> | <l4> | <l4> | <l4> |
|------+------+------+------+------|
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| ENT | BSPC | DEL | NP | NP |
#+NAME: teml
| <l4> | <l4> | <l4> | <l4> | <l4> |
|------+------+------+------+------|
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| NP | NP | ESC | SPC | TAB |
* Code Generation
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: code-generation
:END:
** Table Conversion Scripts
*** table-layout-taphold
Produce base layer from separate tap and hold tables.
#+NAME: table-layout-taphold
#+BEGIN_SRC python :var tap_table=tap :var hold_table=hold :var symbol_names_table=symbol-names :var mods_list=mods :tangle no :results verbatim
width = 19
mods_dict = dict.fromkeys(mods_list)
symbol_names_dict = {}
for symbol, name, shifted_symbol, shifted_name in symbol_names_table:
symbol_names_dict[symbol] = name
symbol_names_dict[shifted_symbol] = shifted_name
results = ' [BASE] = LAYOUT_miryoku(\n'
for tap_row, hold_row in map(None, tap_table, hold_table):
results += ' '
for tap, hold in map(None, tap_row, hold_row):
if tap == '':
code = 'NU'
elif tap in symbol_names_dict:
code = symbol_names_dict[tap]
else:
code = tap
code = 'KC_' + str(code)
if hold in mods_dict:
code = str(hold) + '_T(' + code + ')'
elif hold != '' and hold != 'NP' and hold != 'RST':
code = 'LT(' + str(hold) + ', ' + code + ')'
results += (code + ', ').ljust(width)
results = results.rstrip(' ') + '\n'
results = results.rstrip('\n, ') + '\n )'
return results
#+END_SRC
#+RESULTS: table-layout-taphold
: [BASE] = LAYOUT_miryoku(
: KC_Q, KC_W, KC_F, KC_P, KC_B, KC_J, KC_L, KC_U, KC_Y, KC_QUOT,
: LGUI_T(KC_A), LALT_T(KC_R), LCTL_T(KC_S), LSFT_T(KC_T), KC_G, KC_M, LSFT_T(KC_N), LCTL_T(KC_E), LALT_T(KC_I), LGUI_T(KC_O),
: KC_Z, KC_X, KC_C, KC_D, KC_V, KC_K, KC_H, KC_COMM, KC_DOT, KC_SLSH,
: KC_NP, KC_NP, LT(MEDR, KC_ESC), LT(NAVR, KC_SPC), LT(MOUR, KC_TAB), LT(NSSL, KC_ENT), LT(NSL, KC_BSPC), LT(FUNL, KC_DEL), KC_NP, KC_NP
: )
*** table-layout-half
Produce sub layers given layer name and corresponding table for single hand and
incorporating mods and reset from base layer. Layer names must end with R or L.
A layer with shifted symbols can also be generated.
#+NAME: table-layout-half
#+BEGIN_SRC python :var hold_table=hold :var layer_name="NSL" :var half_table=nsl :var symbol_names_table=symbol-names :var mods_list=mods :var shift="false" :tangle no :results verbatim
width = 9
mods_dict = dict.fromkeys(mods_list)
symbol_names_dict = {}
shifted_symbol_names_dict = {}
for symbol, name, shifted_symbol, shifted_name in symbol_names_table:
symbol_names_dict[symbol] = name
symbol_names_dict[shifted_symbol] = shifted_name
shifted_symbol_names_dict[symbol] = shifted_name
length = len(half_table[0])
mode = layer_name[-1:].lower()
results = ' [' + layer_name + '] = LAYOUT_miryoku(\n'
for half_row, hold_row in map(None, half_table, hold_table):
results += ' '
hold_row_l, hold_row_r = hold_row[:length], hold_row[length:]
for lr, hold_row_lr in ('l', hold_row_l), ('r', hold_row_r):
if lr == mode:
for half in half_row:
if half == '':
code = 'NU'
elif shift == "true" and half in shifted_symbol_names_dict:
code = shifted_symbol_names_dict[half]
elif half in symbol_names_dict:
code = symbol_names_dict[half]
else:
code = half
results += ('KC_' + str(code) + ', ').ljust(width)
else:
for hold in hold_row_lr:
if hold == '' or hold != 'NP' and hold != 'RST' and hold not in mods_dict:
code = 'NA'
else:
code = hold
results += ('KC_' + str(code) + ', ').ljust(width)
results = results.rstrip(' ') + '\n'
results = results.rstrip('\n, ') + '\n )'
return results
#+END_SRC
#+RESULTS: table-layout-half
: [NSL] = LAYOUT_miryoku(
: KC_LBRC, KC_7, KC_8, KC_9, KC_RBRC, KC_NA, KC_NA, KC_NA, KC_NA, KC_RST,
: KC_SCLN, KC_4, KC_5, KC_6, KC_EQL, KC_NA, KC_LSFT, KC_LCTL, KC_LALT, KC_LGUI,
: KC_GRV, KC_1, KC_2, KC_3, KC_BSLS, KC_NA, KC_NA, KC_NA, KC_NA, KC_NA,
: KC_NP, KC_NP, KC_DOT, KC_0, KC_MINS, KC_NA, KC_NA, KC_NA, KC_NP, KC_NP
: )
*** table-enums
Produce layer enums from layer names in hold table.
#+NAME: table-enums
#+BEGIN_SRC python :var hold_table=hold :var mods_list=mods :tangle no
mods_dict = dict.fromkeys(mods_list)
results = 'enum layers { BASE, '
for hold_row in hold_table:
for hold in hold_row:
if hold not in mods_dict and hold != '' and hold != 'NP' and hold != 'RST':
results += hold + ', '
results = results.rstrip(', ') + ' };'
return results
#+END_SRC
#+RESULTS: table-enums
: enum layers { BASE, MEDR, NAVR, MOUR, NSSL, NSL, FUNL };
** Data
*** symbol-names
Symbol, name, and shifted symbol mappings for use in tables.
#+NAME: symbol-names
| ` | GRV | ~ | TILD |
| - | MINS | _ | UNDS |
| = | EQL | + | PLUS |
| [ | LBRC | { | LCBR |
| ] | RBRC | } | RCBR |
| \ | BSLS | PIPE | PIPE |
| ; | SCLN | : | COLN |
| ' | QUOT | DQUO | DQUO |
| , | COMM | < | LT |
| . | DOT | > | GT |
| / | SLSH | ? | QUES |
| 1 | 1 | ! | EXLM |
| 2 | 2 | @ | AT |
| 3 | 3 | # | HASH |
| 4 | 4 | $ | DLR |
| 5 | 5 | % | PERC |
| 6 | 6 | ^ | CIRC |
| 7 | 7 | & | AMPR |
| 8 | 8 | * | ASTR |
| 9 | 9 | ( | LPRN |
| 0 | 0 | ) | RPRN |
*** mods
Modifiers usable in hold table. Need to have the same name for KC_ and _T versions.
#+NAME: mods
- LSFT
- LCTL
- LALT
- LGUI
- LAGR
** Other
*** header
Header for tangled src files.
#+NAME: header
#+BEGIN_SRC C :tangle no
generated from users/manna-harbour_miryoku/miryoku.org
#+END_SRC
* Subset Mapping
:PROPERTIES:
:CUSTOM_ID: subset-mapping
:END:
** Userspace
The keymap and configuration are shared between keyboards. The keymap is
defined for LAYOUT_miryoku which is 10x4, with the outer 2 positions on the
bottom row unused and the rest of the bottom row are the thumb keys.
*** manna-harbour_miryoku.c
Contains the keymap. Included from keymap.c
[[./manna-harbour_miryoku.c][users/manna-harbour_miryoku/manna-harbour_miryoku.c]]
#+BEGIN_SRC C :noweb yes :tangle manna-harbour_miryoku.c
// <<header>>
#include QMK_KEYBOARD_H
#define KC_NP KC_NO // key is not present
#define KC_NA KC_NO // present but not available for use
#define KC_NU KC_NO // available but not used
#define KC_RST RESET
<<table-enums()>>
const uint16_t PROGMEM keymaps[][MATRIX_ROWS][MATRIX_COLS] = {
<<table-layout-taphold()>>,
<<table-layout-half(layer_name="NAVR", half_table=navr)>>,
<<table-layout-half(layer_name="MOUR", half_table=mour)>>,
<<table-layout-half(layer_name="MEDR", half_table=medr)>>,
<<table-layout-half(layer_name="FUNL", half_table=funl)>>,
<<table-layout-half(layer_name="NSL", half_table=nsl)>>,
<<table-layout-half(layer_name="NSSL", half_table=nsl, shift="true")>>
};
#+END_SRC
*** config.h
Config options. Automatically included.
[[./config.h][users/manna-harbour_miryoku/config.h]]
#+BEGIN_SRC C :noweb yes :tangle config.h
// <<header>>
#pragma once
// Prevent normal rollover on alphas from accidentally triggering mods.
#define IGNORE_MOD_TAP_INTERRUPT
// Enable rapid switch from tap to hold, disables double tap hold auto-repeat.
#define TAPPING_FORCE_HOLD
// Recommended for heavy chording.
#define QMK_KEYS_PER_SCAN 4
#+END_SRC
*** rules.mk
Build options. Automatically included.
[[./rules.mk][users/manna-harbour_miryoku/rules.mk]]
#+BEGIN_SRC makefile :noweb yes :tangle rules.mk
# <<header>>
MOUSEKEY_ENABLE = yes # Mouse keys(+4700)
EXTRAKEY_ENABLE = yes # Audio control and System control(+450)
#+END_SRC
** Layouts
To use the keymap on a keyboard supporting the layouts feature, LAYOUT_miryoku
is defined as a macro mapping onto the layout's own LAYOUT macro, leaving the
unused keys as KC_NO. The userspace keymap is then included.
*** ergodox
For the ergodox layout, the main 5x3 alphas are used as usual. The primary and
secondary thumb keys are the inner and outer 2u thumb keys and the tertiary
thumb key is the innermost key of the partial bottom row. The remaining keys
are unused.
[[../../layouts/community/ergodox/manna-harbour_miryoku/keymap.c][layouts/community/ergodox/manna-harbour_miryoku/keymap.c]]
#+BEGIN_SRC C :noweb yes :tangle ../../layouts/community/ergodox/manna-harbour_miryoku/keymap.c
// <<header>>
#define LAYOUT_miryoku(\
K00, K01, K02, K03, K04, K05, K06, K07, K08, K09,\
K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15, K16, K17, K18, K19,\
K20, K21, K22, K23, K24, K25, K26, K27, K28, K29,\
N30, N31, K32, K33, K34, K35, K36, K37, N38, N39\
)\
LAYOUT_ergodox_pretty( \
KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, \
KC_NO, K00, K01, K02, K03, K04, KC_NO, KC_NO, K05, K06, K07, K08, K09, KC_NO, \
KC_NO, K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15, K16, K17, K18, K19, KC_NO, \
KC_NO, K20, K21, K22, K23, K24, KC_NO, KC_NO, K25, K26, K27, K28, K29, KC_NO, \
KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, K32, K37, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, \
KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, KC_NO, \
KC_NO, KC_NO, \
K33, K34, KC_NO, KC_NO, K35, K36 \
)
#include "manna-harbour_miryoku.c"
#+END_SRC
To build for any keyboard using the this layout (ergodone, ergodox_ez,
ergodox_infinity, hotdox) e.g. the ergodox_ez,
#+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle no
cd ../.. && make ergodox_ez:manna-harbour_miryoku:teensy
#+END_SRC
*** ortho_4x12
For the ortho_4x12 layout, the right half as is as follows: The rightmost column
bottom 3 rows is the pinkie column. The middle 4 columns top 3 rows are for the
remaining fingers. The bottom row left 3 columns are the thumb keys. The
remaining keys are unused.
[[../../layouts/community/ortho_4x12/manna-harbour_miryoku/keymap.c][layouts/community/ortho_4x12/manna-harbour_miryoku/keymap.c]]
#+BEGIN_SRC C :noweb yes :tangle ../../layouts/community/ortho_4x12/manna-harbour_miryoku/keymap.c
// <<header>>
#define LAYOUT_miryoku(\
K00, K01, K02, K03, K04, K05, K06, K07, K08, K09,\
K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15, K16, K17, K18, K19,\
K20, K21, K22, K23, K24, K25, K26, K27, K28, K29,\
N30, N31, K32, K33, K34, K35, K36, K37, N38, N39\
)\
LAYOUT_ortho_4x12(\
KC_NO, K01, K02, K03, K04, KC_NO, KC_NO, K05, K06, K07, K08, KC_NO,\
K00, K11, K12, K13, K14, KC_NO, KC_NO, K15, K16, K17, K18, K09,\
K10, K21, K22, K23, K24, KC_NO, KC_NO, K25, K26, K27, K28, K19,\
K20, KC_NO, KC_NO, K32, K33, K34, K35, K36, K37, KC_NO, KC_NO, K29\
)
#include "manna-harbour_miryoku.c"
#+END_SRC
To build for any keyboard using this layout (4x4, nori, chimera_ls, contra,
divergetm2, jj40, lets_split, lets_split_eh, meira, niu_mini, planck, telophase,
vitamins_included, zinc, zlant, ortho48, kbd4x, levinson, wavelet, plaid)
e.g. the levinson,
#+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle no
make keebio/levinson:manna-harbour_miryoku:avrdude
#+END_SRC
** Keyboards
To use the keymap on a keyboard which does not support the layouts feature,
LAYOUT_miryoku is defined as a macro mapping onto the keyboard's own LAYOUT
macro, leaving the unused keys as KC_NO. The userspace keymap is then included.
*** crkbd
The outer columns are unused.
[[../../keyboards/crkbd/keymaps/manna-harbour_miryoku/keymap.c][keyboards/crkbd/keymaps/manna-harbour_miryoku/keymap.c]]
#+BEGIN_SRC C :noweb yes :tangle ../../keyboards/crkbd/keymaps/manna-harbour_miryoku/keymap.c
// <<header>>
#define LAYOUT_miryoku( \
K00, K01, K02, K03, K04, K05, K06, K07, K08, K09, \
K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15, K16, K17, K18, K19, \
K20, K21, K22, K23, K24, K25, K26, K27, K28, K29, \
N30, N31, K32, K33, K34, K35, K36, K37, N38, N39 \
) \
LAYOUT( \
KC_NO, K00, K01, K02, K03, K04, K05, K06, K07, K08, K09, KC_NO, \
KC_NO, K10, K11, K12, K13, K14, K15, K16, K17, K18, K19, KC_NO, \
KC_NO, K20, K21, K22, K23, K24, K25, K26, K27, K28, K29, KC_NO, \
K32, K33, K34, K35, K36, K37 \
)
#include "manna-harbour_miryoku.c"
#+END_SRC
To build for this keyboard,
#+BEGIN_SRC sh :tangle no
cd ../.. && make crkbd:manna-harbour_miryoku:avrdude
#+END_SRC
* Related Documentation
** QMK
- https://qmk.fm/
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/getting_started_introduction
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/hardware_keyboard_guidelines
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/config_options
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/keycodes
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/feature_advanced_keycodes
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/feature_layouts
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/feature_userspace
- https://docs.qmk.fm/#/getting_started_make_guide
** Org Mode
- https://orgmode.org/
- https://orgmode.org/manual/Tables.html
- https://orgmode.org/manual/Working-with-Source-Code.html
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