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1. Histograms of phone data yield
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<a href="#1-histograms-of-phone-data-yield" class="md-nav__link">
1. Histograms of phone data yield
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<a href="#2-heatmaps-of-overall-data-yield" class="md-nav__link">
2. Heatmaps of overall data yield
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3. Heatmap of recorded phone sensors
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4. Heatmap of sensor row count
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<a href="https://github.com/carissalow/rapids/edit/master/docs/visualizations/data-quality-visualizations.md" title="Edit this page" class="md-content__button md-icon">
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<h1 id="data-quality-visualizations">Data Quality Visualizations<a class="headerlink" href="#data-quality-visualizations" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>We showcase these visualizations with a test study that collected 14 days of smartphone and Fitbit data from two participants (t01 and t02) and extracted behavioral features within five time segments (daily, morning, afternoon, evening, and night).</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p><a href="../../setup/configuration#time-segments">Time segments</a> (e.g. <code>daily</code>, <code>morning</code>, etc.) can have multiple instances (day 1, day 2, or morning 1, morning 2, etc.)</p>
</div>
<h2 id="1-histograms-of-phone-data-yield">1. Histograms of phone data yield<a class="headerlink" href="#1-histograms-of-phone-data-yield" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>RAPIDS provides two histograms that show the number of time segment instances that had a certain ratio of valid <a href="../../features/phone-data-yield/#rapids-provider">yielded minutes and hours</a>, respectively. A valid yielded minute has at least 1 row of data from any smartphone sensor and a valid yielded hour contains at least M valid minutes.</p>
<p>These plots can be used as a rough indication of the smartphone monitoring coverage during a study aggregated across all participants. For example, the figure below shows a valid yielded minutes histogram for daily segments and we can infer that the monitoring coverage was very good since almost all segments contain at least 90 to 100% of the expected sensed minutes.</p>
<div class="admonition example">
<p class="admonition-title">Example</p>
<p>Click <a href="../../img/h-data-yield.html">here</a> to see an example of these interactive visualizations in HTML format</p>
</div>
<figure>
<img src="../../img/h-data-yield.png" max-width="100%" />
<figcaption>Histogram of the data yielded minute ratio for a single participant during five time segments (daily, afternoon, evening, and night)</figcaption>
</figure>
<h2 id="2-heatmaps-of-overall-data-yield">2. Heatmaps of overall data yield<a class="headerlink" href="#2-heatmaps-of-overall-data-yield" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>These heatmaps are a break down per time segment and per participant of <a href="#1-histograms-of-phone-data-yield">Visualization 1</a>. Heatmap&rsquo;s rows represent participants, columns represent time segment instances and the cells color represent the valid yielded minute or hour ratio for a participant during a time segment instance.</p>
<p>As different participants might join a study on different dates and time segments can be of any length and start on any day, the x-axis is labelled with the time delta between the start of each time segment instance minus the start of the first instance. These plots provide a quick study overview of the monitoring coverage per person and per time segment. </p>
<p>The figure below shows the heatmap of the valid yielded minute ratio for participants t01 and t02 on daily segments and, as we inferred from the previous histogram, the lighter (yellow) color on most time segment instances (cells) indicate both phones sensed data without interruptions for most days (except for the first and last ones).</p>
<div class="admonition example">
<p class="admonition-title">Example</p>
<p>Click <a href="../../img/hm-data-yield-participants.html">here</a> to see an example of these interactive visualizations in HTML format</p>
</div>
<figure>
<img src="../../img/hm-data-yield-participants.png" max-width="100%" />
<figcaption>Overall compliance heatmap for all participants</figcaption>
</figure>
<h2 id="3-heatmap-of-recorded-phone-sensors">3. Heatmap of recorded phone sensors<a class="headerlink" href="#3-heatmap-of-recorded-phone-sensors" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>In these heatmaps rows represent time segment instances, columns represent minutes since the start of a time segment instance, and cells color shows the number of phone sensors that logged at least one row of data during those 1-minute windows. </p>
<p>RAPIDS creates a plot per participant and per time segment and can be used as a rough indication of whether time-based sensors were following their sensing schedule (e.g. if location was being sensed every 2 minutes).</p>
<p>The figure below shows this heatmap for phone sensors collected by participant t01 in daily time segments from Apr 23<sup>rd</sup> 2020 to May 4<sup>th</sup> 2020. We can infer that for most of the monitoring time, the participants phone logged data from at least 8 sensors each minute.</p>
<div class="admonition example">
<p class="admonition-title">Example</p>
<p>Click <a href="../../img/hm-phone-sensors.html">here</a> to see an example of these interactive visualizations in HTML format</p>
</div>
<figure>
<img src="../../img/hm-phone-sensors.png" max-width="100%" />
<figcaption>Heatmap of the recorded phone sensors per minute and per time segment of a single participant</figcaption>
</figure>
<h2 id="4-heatmap-of-sensor-row-count">4. Heatmap of sensor row count<a class="headerlink" href="#4-heatmap-of-sensor-row-count" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>These heatmaps are a per-sensor breakdown of <a href="#1-histograms-of-phone-data-yield">Visualization 1</a> and <a href="#2-heatmaps-of-overall-data-yield">Visualization 2</a>. Note that the second row (ratio of valid yielded minutes) of this heatmap matches the respective participant (bottom) row the screenshot in Visualization 2.</p>
<p>In these heatmaps rows represent phone or Fitbit sensors, columns represent time segment instances and cells color shows the normalized (0 to 1) row count of each sensor within a time segment instance. RAPIDS creates one heatmap per participant and they can be used to judge missing data on a per participant and per sensor basis.</p>
<p>The figure below shows data for 16 phone sensors (including data yield) of t01s daily segments (only half of the sensor names and dates are visible in the screenshot but all can be accessed in the interactive plot). From the top two rows, we can see that the phone was sensing data for most of the monitoring period (as suggested by Figure 3 and Figure 4). We can also infer how phone usage influenced the different sensor streams; there are peaks of screen events during the first day (Apr 23<sup>rd</sup>), peaks of location coordinates on Apr 26<sup>th</sup> and Apr 30<sup>th</sup>, and no sent or received SMS except for Apr 23<sup>rd</sup>, Apr 29<sup>th</sup> and Apr 30<sup>th</sup> (unlabeled row between screen and locations).</p>
<div class="admonition example">
<p class="admonition-title">Example</p>
<p>Click <a href="../../img/hm-sensor_rows.html">here</a> to see an example of these interactive visualizations in HTML format</p>
</div>
<figure>
<img src="../../img/hm-sensor_rows.png" max-width="100%" />
<figcaption>Heatmap of the sensor row count per time segment of a single participant</figcaption>
</figure>
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