Documentation for keymap_extras (#9194)
Ryan
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* Simple Keycodes
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* [Full List](keycodes.md)
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* [Basic Keycodes](keycodes_basic.md)
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* [Language-Specific Keycodes](reference_keymap_extras.md)
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* [Modifier Keys](feature_advanced_keycodes.md)
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* [Quantum Keycodes](quantum_keycodes.md)
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# Language-specific Keycodes
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Keyboards are able to support a wide range of languages. However, they do not send the actual characters produced by pressing their keys - instead, they send numerical codes. In the USB HID spec, these are called "usages", although they are more often referred to as "scancodes" or "keycodes" when in the context of keyboards.
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Less than 256 usages are defined in the HID Keyboard/Keypad usage page, and some of those do nothing on modern operating systems. So, how is this language support achieved?
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In a nutshell, the operating system maps the usages it receives to the appropriate character based on the user's configured keyboard layout. For example, when a Swedish person presses the key with the `å` character printed on it, the keyboard is *actually* sending the keycode for `[`.
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Obviously, this could get confusing, so QMK provides language-specific keycode aliases for many keyboard layouts. These won't do much on their own - you still have to set the matching keyboard layout in your OS settings. Think of them more as keycap labels for your keymap.
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To use these, simply `#include` the corresponding [header file](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/tree/master/quantum/keymap_extras) in your `keymap.c`, and add the keycodes defined in them in place of the `KC_` prefixed ones:
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|Layout |Header |
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|---------------------------|--------------------------------|
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|Canadian Multilingual (CSA)|`keymap_canadian_multilingual.h`|
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|Croatian |`keymap_croatian.h` |
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|Czech |`keymap_czech.h` |
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|Danish |`keymap_danish.h` |
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|Dutch (Belgium) |`keymap_belgian.h` |
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|English (Ireland) |`keymap_irish.h` |
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|English (UK) |`keymap_uk.h` |
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|English (US International) |`keymap_us_international.h` |
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|Estonian |`keymap_estonian.h` |
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|Finnish |`keymap_finnish.h` |
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|French |`keymap_french.h` |
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|French (BÉPO) |`keymap_bepo.h` |
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|French (Switzerland) |`keymap_fr_ch.h` |
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|French (macOS, ISO) |`keymap_french_osx.h` |
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|German |`keymap_german.h` |
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|German (Switzerland) |`keymap_german_ch.h` |
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|German (macOS) |`keymap_german_osx.h` |
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|German (Neo2)* |`keymap_neo2.h` |
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|Greek* |`keymap_greek.h` |
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|Hungarian |`keymap_hungarian.h` |
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|Icelandic |`keymap_icelandic.h` |
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|Italian |`keymap_italian.h` |
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|Italian (macOS, ANSI) |`keymap_italian_osx_ansi.h` |
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|Italian (macOS, ISO) |`keymap_italian_osx_iso.h` |
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|Japanese |`keymap_jp.h` |
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|Korean |`keymap_korean.h` |
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|Latvian |`keymap_latvian.h` |
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|Lithuanian (ĄŽERTY) |`keymap_lithuanian_azerty.h` |
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|Lithuanian (QWERTY) |`keymap_lithuanian_qwerty.h` |
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|Norwegian |`keymap_norwegian.h` |
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|Polish |`keymap_polish.h` |
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|Portuguese |`keymap_portuguese.h` |
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|Portuguese (Brazil) |`keymap_br_abnt2.h` |
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|Romanian |`keymap_romanian.h` |
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|Russian* |`keymap_russian.h` |
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|Serbian* |`keymap_serbian.h` |
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|Serbian (Latin) |`keymap_serbian_latin.h` |
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|Slovak |`keymap_slovak.h` |
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|Slovenian |`keymap_slovenian.h` |
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|Spanish |`keymap_spanish.h` |
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|Spanish (Dvorak) |`keymap_spanish_dvorak.h` |
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|Swedish |`keymap_swedish.h` |
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|Turkish (F) |`keymap_turkish_f.h` |
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|Turkish (Q) |`keymap_turkish_q.h` |
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There are also a few which are not quite language-specific, but useful if you are not using a QWERTY layout:
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|Layout |Header |
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|-------------------|------------------------|
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|Colemak |`keymap_colemak.h` |
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|Dvorak |`keymap_dvorak.h` |
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|Dvorak (Programmer)|`keymap_dvp.h` |
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|Norman |`keymap_norman.h` |
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|Plover* |`keymap_plover.h` |
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|Plover (Dvorak)* |`keymap_plover_dvorak.h`|
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|Steno* |`keymap_steno.h` |
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|Workman |`keymap_workman.h` |
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|Workman (ZXCVM) |`keymap_workman_zxcvm.h`|
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## Sendstring Support
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By default, `SEND_STRING()` assumes a US ANSI keyboard layout is set. If you are using a different layout, you can also `#include "sendstring_*.h"` (as above) in your keymap to override the lookup tables used for mapping ASCII characters to keycodes.
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An important thing to note here is that `SEND_STRING()` only operates on [ASCII text](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#Character_set). This means that you cannot pass it a string containing Unicode characters - this unfortunately includes accented characters that may be present in your desired layout.
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Many layouts make certain characters, such as Grave or Tilde, available only as [dead keys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_key), so you must add a space immediately after it in the string you want to send, to prevent it from potentially combining with the next character.
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Certain other layouts have no Sendstring header as they do not use a Latin-derived alphabet (for example Greek and Russian), and thus there is no way to input most of the ASCII character set. These are marked above with a `*`.
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