317 lines
9.8 KiB
Markdown
317 lines
9.8 KiB
Markdown
[[!template id=plugin name=po core=0 author="[[intrigeri]]"]]
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[[!tag type/format]]
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This plugin adds support for multi-lingual wikis, translated with
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gettext, using [po4a](http://po4a.alioth.debian.org/).
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It depends on the Perl `Locale::Po4a::Po` library (`apt-get install po4a`).
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As detailed bellow in the security section, `po4a` is subject to
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denial-of-service attacks before version 0.35.
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[[!toc levels=2]]
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Introduction
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============
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A language is chosen as the "master" one, and any other supported
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language is a "slave" one.
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A page written in the "master" language is a "master" page. It can be
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of any page type supported by ikiwiki, except `po`. It does not have to be
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named a special way: migration to this plugin does not imply any page
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renaming work.
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Example: `bla/page.mdwn` is a "master" Markdown page written in
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English; if `usedirs` is enabled, it is rendered as
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`bla/page/index.en.html`, else as `bla/page.en.html`.
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Any translation of a "master" page into a "slave" language is called
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a "slave" page; it is written in the gettext PO format. `po` is now
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a page type supported by ikiwiki.
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Example: `bla/page.fr.po` is the PO "message catalog" used to
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translate `bla/page.mdwn` into French; if `usedirs` is enabled, it is
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rendered as `bla/page/index.fr.html`, else as `bla/page.fr.html`
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(In)Compatibility
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=================
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This plugin does not support the `indexpages` mode. If you don't know
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what it is, you probably don't care.
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Configuration
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=============
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Supported languages
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-------------------
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`po_master_language` is used to set the "master" language in
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`ikiwiki.setup`, such as:
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po_master_language => { 'code' => 'en', 'name' => 'English' }
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`po_slave_languages` is used to set the list of supported "slave"
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languages, such as:
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po_slave_languages => { 'fr' => 'Français',
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'es' => 'Castellano',
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'de' => 'Deutsch',
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}
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Decide which pages are translatable
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-----------------------------------
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The `po_translatable_pages` setting configures what pages are
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translatable. It is a [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]], so you have lots of
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control over what kind of pages are translatable.
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The `.po` files are not considered as being translatable, so you don't need to
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worry about excluding them explicitly from this [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]].
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Internal links
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--------------
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### Links targets
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The `po_link_to` option in `ikiwiki.setup` is used to decide how
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internal links should be generated, depending on web server features
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and site-specific preferences.
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#### Default linking behavior
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If `po_link_to` is unset, or set to `default`, ikiwiki's default
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linking behavior is preserved: `\[[destpage]]` links to the master
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language's page.
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#### Link to current language
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If `po_link_to` is set to `current`, `\[[destpage]]` links to the
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`destpage`'s version written in the current page's language, if
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available, *i.e.*:
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* `foo/destpage/index.LL.html` if `usedirs` is enabled
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* `foo/destpage.LL.html` if `usedirs` is disabled
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#### Link to negotiated language
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If `po_link_to` is set to `negotiated`, `\[[page]]` links to the
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negotiated preferred language, *i.e.* `foo/page/`.
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(In)compatibility notes:
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* if `usedirs` is disabled, it does not make sense to set `po_link_to`
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to `negotiated`; this option combination is neither implemented
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nor allowed.
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* if the web server does not support Content Negotiation, setting
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`po_link_to` to `negotiated` will produce a unusable website.
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Server support
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==============
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Apache
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------
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Using Apache `mod_negotiation` makes it really easy to have Apache
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serve any page in the client's preferred language, if available.
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This is the default Debian Apache configuration.
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When `usedirs` is enabled, one has to set `DirectoryIndex index` for
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the wiki context.
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Setting `DefaultLanguage LL` (replace `LL` with your default MIME
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language code) for the wiki context can help to ensure
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`bla/page/index.en.html` is served as `Content-Language: LL`.
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lighttpd
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--------
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lighttpd unfortunately does not support content negotiation.
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**FIXME**: does `mod_magnet` provide the functionality needed to
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emulate this?
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Usage
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=====
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Templates
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---------
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When `po_link_to` is not set to `negotiated`, one should replace some
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occurrences of `BASEURL` with `HOMEPAGEURL` to get correct links to
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the wiki homepage.
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The `ISTRANSLATION` and `ISTRANSLATABLE` variables can be used to
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display things only on translatable or translation pages.
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### Display page's versions in other languages
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The `OTHERLANGUAGES` loop provides ways to display other languages'
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versions of the same page, and the translations' status.
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One typically adds the following code to `templates/page.tmpl`:
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<TMPL_IF NAME="OTHERLANGUAGES">
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<div id="otherlanguages">
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<ul>
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<TMPL_LOOP NAME="OTHERLANGUAGES">
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<li>
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<a href="<TMPL_VAR NAME="URL">"><TMPL_VAR NAME="LANGUAGE"></a>
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<TMPL_UNLESS NAME="MASTER">
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(<TMPL_VAR NAME="PERCENT"> %)
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</TMPL_UNLESS>
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</li>
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</TMPL_LOOP>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</TMPL_IF>
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The following variables are available inside the loop (for every page in):
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* `URL` - url to the page
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* `CODE` - two-letters language code
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* `LANGUAGE` - language name (as defined in `po_slave_languages`)
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* `MASTER` - is true (1) if, and only if the page is a "master" page
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* `PERCENT` - for "slave" pages, is set to the translation completeness, in percents
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### Display the current translation status
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The `PERCENTTRANSLATED` variable is set to the translation
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completeness, expressed in percent, on "slave" pages.
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One can use it this way:
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<TMPL_IF NAME="ISTRANSLATION">
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<div id="percenttranslated">
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<TMPL_VAR NAME="PERCENTTRANSLATED">
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</div>
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</TMPL_IF>
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Additional PageSpec tests
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-------------------------
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This plugin enhances the regular [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]] syntax with some
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additional tests that are documented [[here|ikiwiki/pagespec/po]].
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Automatic PO file update
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------------------------
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Committing changes to a "master" page:
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1. updates the POT file and the PO files for the "slave" languages;
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the updated PO files are then put under version control;
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2. triggers a refresh of the corresponding HTML slave pages.
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Also, when the plugin has just been enabled, or when a page has just
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been declared as being translatable, the needed POT and PO files are
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created, and the PO files are checked into version control.
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Discussion pages and other sub-pages
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------------------------------------
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Discussion should happen in the language in which the pages are
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written for real, *i.e.* the "master" one. If discussion pages are
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enabled, "slave" pages therefore link to the "master" page's
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discussion page.
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Likewise, "slave" pages are not supposed to have sub-pages;
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[[WikiLinks|wikilink]] that appear on a "slave" page therefore link to
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the master page's sub-pages.
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Translating
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-----------
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One can edit the PO files using ikiwiki's CGI (a message-by-message
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interface could also be implemented at some point).
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If [[tips/untrusted_git_push]] is setup, one can edit the PO files in one's
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preferred `$EDITOR`, without needing to be online.
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Markup languages support
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------------------------
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Markdown is well supported. Some other markup languages supported by
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ikiwiki mostly work, but some pieces of syntax are not rendered
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correctly on the slave pages:
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* [[reStructuredText|rst]]: anonymous hyperlinks and internal
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cross-references
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* [[wikitext]]: conversion of newlines to paragraphs
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* [[creole]]: verbatim text is wrapped, tables are broken
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* [[html]] and LaTeX: not supported yet; the dedicated po4a modules
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could be used to support them, but they would need a security audit
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* other markup languages have not been tested.
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Security
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========
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[[./security]] contains a detailed security analysis of this plugin
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and its dependencies.
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When using po4a older than 0.35, it is recommended to uninstall
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`Text::WrapI18N` (Debian package `libtext-wrapi18n-perl`), in order to
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avoid a potential denial of service.
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TODO
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====
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Better links
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------------
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Once the fix to
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[[bugs/pagetitle_function_does_not_respect_meta_titles]] from
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[[intrigeri]]'s `meta` branch is merged into ikiwiki upstream, the
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generated links' text will be optionally based on the page titles set
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with the [[meta|plugins/meta]] plugin, and will thus be translatable.
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It will also allow displaying the translation status in links to slave
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pages. Both were implemented, and reverted in commit
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ea753782b222bf4ba2fb4683b6363afdd9055b64, which should be reverted
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once [[intrigeri]]'s `meta` branch is merged.
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An integration branch, called `meta-po`, merges [[intrigeri]]'s `po`
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and `meta` branches, and thus has thise additional features.
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Robustness tests
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----------------
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### Enabling/disabling the plugin
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* enabling the plugin with `po_translatable_pages` set to blacklist: **OK**
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* enabling the plugin with `po_translatable_pages` set to whitelist: **OK**
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* enabling the plugin without `po_translatable_pages` set: **OK**
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* disabling the plugin: **OK**
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### Changing the plugin config
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* adding existing pages to `po_translatable_pages`: **OK**
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* removing existing pages from `po_translatable_pages`: **OK**
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* adding a language to `po_slave_languages`: **OK**
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* removing a language from `po_slave_languages`: **OK**
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* changing `po_master_language`: **OK**
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* replacing `po_master_language` with a language previously part of
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`po_slave_languages`: needs two rebuilds, but **OK** (this is quite
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a perverse test actually)
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### Creating/deleting/renaming pages
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All cases of master/slave page creation/deletion/rename, both via RCS
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and via CGI, have been tested.
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### Misc
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* general test with `usedirs` disabled: **OK**
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* general test with `indexpages` enabled: **not OK**
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* general test with `po_link_to=default` with `userdirs` enabled: **OK**
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* general test with `po_link_to=default` with `userdirs` disabled: **OK**
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Misc. bugs
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----------
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Documentation
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-------------
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Maybe write separate documentation depending on the people it targets:
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translators, wiki administrators, hackers. This plugin may be complex
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enough to deserve this.
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