249 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
249 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
[[!template id=plugin name=po core=0 author="[[intrigeri]]"]]
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[[!tag type/format]]
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This plugin adds support for multi-lingual wikis, translated with
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gettext, using [po4a](http://po4a.alioth.debian.org/).
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It depends on the Perl `Locale::Po4a::Po` library (`apt-get install po4a`).
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As detailed bellow in the security section, `po4a` is subject to
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denial-of-service attacks before version 0.35.
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[[!toc levels=2]]
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Introduction
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============
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A language is chosen as the "master" one, and any other supported
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language is a "slave" one.
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A page written in the "master" language is a "master" page. It can be
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of any page type supported by ikiwiki, except `po`. It does not have to be
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named a special way: migration to this plugin does not imply any page
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renaming work.
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Example: `bla/page.mdwn` is a "master" Markdown page written in
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English; if `usedirs` is enabled, it is rendered as
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`bla/page/index.en.html`, else as `bla/page.en.html`.
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Any translation of a "master" page into a "slave" language is called
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a "slave" page; it is written in the gettext PO format. `po` is now
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a page type supported by ikiwiki.
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Example: `bla/page.fr.po` is the PO "message catalog" used to
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translate `bla/page.mdwn` into French; if `usedirs` is enabled, it is
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rendered as `bla/page/index.fr.html`, else as `bla/page.fr.html`
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(In)Compatibility
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=================
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This plugin does not support the `indexpages` mode. If you don't know
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what it is, you probably don't care.
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Configuration
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=============
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Supported languages
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-------------------
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`po_master_language` is used to set the "master" language in
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`ikiwiki.setup`, such as:
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po_master_language => { 'code' => 'en', 'name' => 'English' }
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`po_slave_languages` is used to set the list of supported "slave"
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languages, such as:
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po_slave_languages => [ 'fr|Français',
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'es|Español',
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'de|Deutsch',
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]
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Decide which pages are translatable
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-----------------------------------
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The `po_translatable_pages` setting configures what pages are
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translatable. It is a [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]], so you have lots of
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control over what kind of pages are translatable.
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The `.po` files are not considered as being translatable, so you don't need to
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worry about excluding them explicitly from this [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]].
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Internal links
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--------------
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### Links targets
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The `po_link_to` option in `ikiwiki.setup` is used to decide how
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internal links should be generated, depending on web server features
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and site-specific preferences.
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#### Default linking behavior
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If `po_link_to` is unset, or set to `default`, ikiwiki's default
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linking behavior is preserved: `\[[destpage]]` links to the master
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language's page.
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#### Link to current language
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If `po_link_to` is set to `current`, `\[[destpage]]` links to the
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`destpage`'s version written in the current page's language, if
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available, *i.e.*:
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* `foo/destpage/index.LL.html` if `usedirs` is enabled
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* `foo/destpage.LL.html` if `usedirs` is disabled
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#### Link to negotiated language
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If `po_link_to` is set to `negotiated`, `\[[page]]` links to the
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negotiated preferred language, *i.e.* `foo/page/`.
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(In)compatibility notes:
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* if `usedirs` is disabled, it does not make sense to set `po_link_to`
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to `negotiated`; this option combination is neither implemented
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nor allowed.
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* if the web server does not support Content Negotiation, setting
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`po_link_to` to `negotiated` will produce a unusable website.
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Server support
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==============
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Apache
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------
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Using Apache `mod_negotiation` makes it really easy to have Apache
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serve any page in the client's preferred language, if available.
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Add 'Options MultiViews' to the wiki directory's configuration in Apache.
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When `usedirs` is enabled, one has to set `DirectoryIndex index` for
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the wiki context.
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Setting `DefaultLanguage LL` (replace `LL` with your default MIME
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language code) for the wiki context can help to ensure
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`bla/page/index.en.html` is served as `Content-Language: LL`.
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For details, see [Apache's documentation](http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/content-negotiation.html).
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lighttpd
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--------
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Recent versions of lighttpd should be able to use
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`$HTTP["language"]` to configure the translated pages to be served.
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See [Lighttpd Issue](http://redmine.lighttpd.net/issues/show/1119)
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TODO: Example
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Usage
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=====
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Templates
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---------
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When `po_link_to` is not set to `negotiated`, one should replace some
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occurrences of `BASEURL` with `HOMEPAGEURL` to get correct links to
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the wiki homepage.
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The `ISTRANSLATION` and `ISTRANSLATABLE` variables can be used to
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display things only on translatable or translation pages.
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### Display page's versions in other languages
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The `OTHERLANGUAGES` loop provides ways to display other languages'
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versions of the same page, and the translations' status.
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An example of its use can be found in the default
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`templates/page.tmpl`. In case you want to customize it, the following
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variables are available inside the loop (for every page in):
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* `URL` - url to the page
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* `CODE` - two-letters language code
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* `LANGUAGE` - language name (as defined in `po_slave_languages`)
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* `MASTER` - is true (1) if, and only if the page is a "master" page
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* `PERCENT` - for "slave" pages, is set to the translation completeness, in percents
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### Display the current translation status
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The `PERCENTTRANSLATED` variable is set to the translation
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completeness, expressed in percent, on "slave" pages. It is used by
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the default `templates/page.tmpl`.
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Additional PageSpec tests
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-------------------------
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This plugin enhances the regular [[ikiwiki/PageSpec]] syntax with some
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additional tests that are documented [[here|ikiwiki/pagespec/po]].
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Automatic PO file update
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------------------------
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Committing changes to a "master" page:
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1. updates the POT file and the PO files for the "slave" languages;
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the updated PO files are then put under version control;
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2. triggers a refresh of the corresponding HTML slave pages.
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Also, when the plugin has just been enabled, or when a page has just
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been declared as being translatable, the needed POT and PO files are
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created, and the PO files are checked into version control.
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Discussion pages and other sub-pages
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------------------------------------
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Discussion should happen in the language in which the pages are
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written for real, *i.e.* the "master" one. If discussion pages are
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enabled, "slave" pages therefore link to the "master" page's
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discussion page.
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Likewise, "slave" pages are not supposed to have sub-pages;
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[[WikiLinks|ikiwiki/wikilink]] that appear on a "slave" page therefore link to
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the master page's sub-pages.
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Translating
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-----------
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One can edit the PO files using ikiwiki's CGI (a message-by-message
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interface could also be implemented at some point).
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If [[tips/untrusted_git_push]] is setup, one can edit the PO files in one's
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preferred `$EDITOR`, without needing to be online.
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Markup languages support
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------------------------
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[[Markdown|mdwn]] and [[html]] are well supported. Some other markup
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languages supported by ikiwiki mostly work, but some pieces of syntax
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are not rendered correctly on the slave pages:
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* [[reStructuredText|rst]]: anonymous hyperlinks and internal
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cross-references
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* [[wikitext]]: conversion of newlines to paragraphs
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* [[creole]]: verbatim text is wrapped, tables are broken
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* LaTeX: not supported yet; the dedicated po4a module
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could be used to support it, but it would need a security audit
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* other markup languages have not been tested.
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Security
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========
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[[po/discussion]] contains a detailed security analysis of this plugin
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and its dependencies.
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When using po4a older than 0.35, it is recommended to uninstall
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`Text::WrapI18N` (Debian package `libtext-wrapi18n-perl`), in order to
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avoid a potential denial of service.
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BUGS
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====
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[[!inline pages="bugs/po:* and !bugs/done and !link(bugs/done) and !bugs/*/*"
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feeds=no actions=no archive=yes show=0]]
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TODO
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====
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[[!inline pages="todo/po:* and !todo/done and !link(todo/done) and !todo/*/*"
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feeds=no actions=no archive=yes show=0]]
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