148 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
148 lines
6.2 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: "Intelektualci in ideologija"
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description: |
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Zapiski o intelektualcih in ideologiji
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...
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Ogrodje tega zapisa je Adornovo besedilo "Contribution to the Theory of
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Ideology" ("Prispevek k teoriji ideologije") in Bard-Rosenbergovi komentarji.
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::: {lang=en}
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> With [the concept of ideology] intellectual forms are drawn into the dynamic
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> of society by relating them to the contexts that motivated them. In this way
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> the concept of ideology critically penetrates their immutable semblance of
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> existing in themselves, as well as their claims to truth. In the name of
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> ideology, the autonomy of intellectual products, indeed the very conditions
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> under which they themselves become autonomous, is thought together with the
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> real historical movement of society. These intellectual products originate
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> within this movement, and they perform their functions within it, too. They
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> may stand in the service of particular interests, whether intentionally or
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> not. Indeed, their very isolation, through the constitution of an intellectual
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> sphere and its transcendence, is, at the same time, identified as a social
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> consequence of the division of labor. [@adorno2022contribution, 19]
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:::
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Ali v desetem predavanju v *Uvod v sociologijo*:
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> Veste, da je eno izmed sredstev, ena izmed tehnik raziskovanja ideologij ali
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> njihove kritike, da se to raziskovanje ukvarja s kakršnimikoli že proizvodi
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> duha, jih analizira in iz teh proizvodov izvaja družbene zaključke. Seveda bi
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> lahko rekli, da se mora kritika ideologij kratko malo ukvarjati z ljudmi, ki
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> so, kot temu pravimo v sociološkem strokovnem jeziku, nosilci idej ali
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> ideologij. Vendar pa vam že preprost razmislek pokaže, da ideologije, ki so
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> neposredno ideologije ljudi samih, svojega družbenega izvora vendarle nimajo
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> kar tako v teh ljudeh in njihovem konsenzu, temveč da jim pripadajo
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> kolektivno, po tradiciji ali kako drugače, ali da jih -- in to je značilno za
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> našo sedanjo družbo -- sploh šele proizvajajo skrajno koncentrirane in
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> organizirane oblike tvorjenja javnega mnenja, kulturna industrija v najširšem
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> smislu. [@adorno2016uvod, 152-153]
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Koncept *ideologije* intelektualne forme umesti v družbeno dinamiko tako, da jih
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poveže z motivacijami in interesi njihovih producentov. Tako je avtonomijo
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intelektualnih produktov in pogoje pod katerimi postanejo avtonomni mogoče
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misliti skupaj z realnim zgodovinskim gibanjem družbe.
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::: {lang=en}
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> With the dynamization of the contents of the mind through the critique of
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> ideology, one tends to forget that the theory of ideology is itself subject to
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> the same historical movement; that, if not in substance, then nonetheless in
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> function, the concept of ideology transforms through history, and the same
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> dynamic governs this. What is called ideology -- and what ideology is -- can
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> only be perceived insofar as one does justice to the movement of the concept;
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> this movement is at the same time one of its objects.
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> [@adorno2022contribution, 20]
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:::
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## Horkheimer in Adorno, *Dialektika razsvetljenstva*
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> Hierarhijo in prisilo odseva celo deduktivna forma znanosti. Kot so prve
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> kategorije reprezentirale organizirano pleme in njegovo moč nad posameznikom,
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> temeljijo logični red, odvisnost, povezanost, zaobjemanje in sklenjenost
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> pojmov v ustreznih razmerjih socialne dejanskosti, delitve dela. Seveda pa ta
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> družbeni značaj miselnih form ni, kot uči Durkheim, izraz družbene
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> solidarnosti, temveč je priča nepredirne enotnosti družbe in gospostva.
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> Gospostvo podeljuje družbeni celoti, v kateri se utrjuje, zvišano
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> konsistentost in moč. Delitev dela, v katero se gospostvo družbeno razvije,
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> služi odvladani celoti za samoohranitev. S tem pa celota kot celota, kot
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> potrjevanje njej imanentnega uma, nujno postaja izvrševanje partikularnega.
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> Gospostvo stopa posamezniku nasproti kot obče, kot um v dejanskosti. Moč vseh
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> članov družbe, ki jim kot takšnim ni na voljo noben drug izhod, se zaradi
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> delitve dela, ki jim je naložena, vedno znova sumira ravno v realizaciji
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> celote, katere racionalnost se tako zopet pomnožuje. To, kar se vsem dogaja od
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> nekaterih, se zmerom izvršuje kot premaganje posameznikov s strani mnogih;
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> vselej ima tlačenje družbe obenem poteze tlačenja nekega kolektiva. Ta
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> enotnost kolektivnosti in gospostva, ne pa neposredna družbena občost,
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> solidarnost, je tista, ki se odtiskuje v miselnih formah.
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> [@horkheimer2002dialektika, 35-36]
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"Družbeno telo", očitna enotnost družbe, četudi ločeno po funkciji roke in
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glave, se ne izteče v harmoniji, temveč nakazuje pošastno združenje v zgodovini.
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Posrednik med partikularnimi interesi roke in glave -- v zgodovini prispodob gre
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ponavadi za srce, sicer pa politika -- ne izniči ideologije v racionalizirajočem
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projektu. Ni prostega trga idej kjer svobodni intelektualci ponujajo svoj
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inventar. Sam medij izmenjave je že pod nadzorom najmočnejšega. Kljub lastnim
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interesom so šibkejši primorani prilagoditi se "razumu" močnejšega, pa kakorkoli
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nerazumno je potem to stanje.
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---
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lang: sl
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references:
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- type: article-journal
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id: adorno2022contribution
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author:
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- family: Adorno
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given: Theodor
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title: "Contribution to the theory of ideology"
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translator:
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- family: Bard-Rosenberg
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given: Jacob
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container-title: "Selva: a journal of the history of art"
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issue: 4
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issued:
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season: 3
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year: 2024
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page: 19-33
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language: en
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- type: article-journal
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id: bardrosenberg2022adornos
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author:
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- family: Bard-Rosenberg
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given: Jacob
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title: "Adorno's essay on ideology: a commentary in three parts"
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title-short: "Adorno's essay on ideology"
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container-title: "Selva: a journal of the history of art"
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issue: 4
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issued:
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season: 3
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year: 2024
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page: 34-52
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language: en
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- type: book
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id: adorno2016uvod
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author:
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- family: Adorno
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given: Theodor
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title: "Uvod v sociologijo"
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translator:
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- family: Leskovec
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given: Alfred
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publisher-place: Ljubljana
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publisher: Sophia
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issued: 2016
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language: sl
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- type: book
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id: horkheimer2002dialektika
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author:
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- family: Horkheimer
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given: Max
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- family: Adorno
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given: Theodor
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title: "Dialektika razsvetljenstva: filozofski fragmenti"
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publisher-place: Ljubljana
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publisher: Studia humanitatis
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issued: 2002
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language: sl
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# vim: spelllang=sl,en
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...
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