qmk_firmware/docs/features/backlight.md

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2024-05-30 04:00:41 +02:00
# Backlighting {#backlighting}
Many keyboards support backlit keys by way of individual LEDs placed through or underneath the keyswitches. This feature is distinct from both the [RGB Underglow](rgblight) and [RGB Matrix](rgb_matrix) features as it usually allows for only a single colour per switch, though you can obviously install multiple different single coloured LEDs on a keyboard.
QMK is able to control the brightness of these LEDs by switching them on and off rapidly in a certain ratio, a technique known as *Pulse Width Modulation*, or PWM. By altering the duty cycle of the PWM signal, it creates the illusion of dimming.
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## Usage {#usage}
Most keyboards have backlighting enabled by default if they support it, but if it is not working for you (or you have added support), check that your `rules.mk` includes the following:
```make
BACKLIGHT_ENABLE = yes
```
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## Keycodes {#keycodes}
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|Key |Aliases |Description |
|-------------------------------|---------|-----------------------------------|
|`QK_BACKLIGHT_TOGGLE` |`BL_TOGG`|Turn the backlight on or off |
|`QK_BACKLIGHT_STEP` |`BL_STEP`|Cycle through backlight levels |
|`QK_BACKLIGHT_ON` |`BL_ON` |Set the backlight to max brightness|
|`QK_BACKLIGHT_OFF` |`BL_OFF` |Turn the backlight off |
|`QK_BACKLIGHT_UP` |`BL_UP` |Increase the backlight level |
|`QK_BACKLIGHT_DOWN` |`BL_DOWN`|Decrease the backlight level |
|`QK_BACKLIGHT_TOGGLE_BREATHING`|`BL_BRTG`|Toggle backlight breathing |
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## Basic Configuration {#basic-configuration}
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Add the following to your `config.h`:
2021 May 29 Breaking Changes Update (#13034) * Add Per Key functionality for AutoShift (#11536) * LED Matrix: Reactive effect buffers & advanced indicators (#12588) * [Keyboard] kint36: switch to sym_eager_pk debouncing (#12626) * [Keyboard] kint2pp: reduce input latency by ≈10ms (#12625) * LED Matrix: Split (#12633) * [CI] Format code according to conventions (#12650) * feat: infinite timeout for leader key (#6580) * feat: implement leader_no_timeout logic * docs(leader_key): infinite leader timeout docs * Format code according to conventions (#12680) * Update ADC driver for STM32F1xx, STM32F3xx, STM32F4xx (#12403) * Fix default ADC_RESOLUTION for ADCv3 (and ADCv4) Recent ChibiOS update removed ADC_CFGR1_RES_10BIT from the ADCv3 headers (that macro should not have been there, because ADCv3 has CFGR instead of CFGR1). Fix the default value for ADC_RESOLUTION to use ADC_CFGR_RES_10BITS if it is defined (that name is used for ADCv3 and ADCv4). * Update ADC docs to match the actually used resolution ADC driver for ChibiOS actually uses the 10-bit resolution by default (probably to match AVR); fix the documentation accordingly. Also add both ADC_CFGR_RES_10BITS and ADC_CFGR1_RES_10BIT constants (these names differ according to the ADC implementation in the particular MCU). * Fix pinToMux() for B12 and B13 on STM32F3xx Testing on STM32F303CCT6 revealed that the ADC mux values for B12 and B13 pins were wrong. * Add support for all possible analog pins on STM32F1xx Added ADC mux values for pins A0...A7, B0, B1, C0...C5 on STM32F1xx (they are the same at least for STM32F103x8 and larger F103 devices, and also F102, F105, F107 families). Actually tested on STM32F103C8T6 (therefore pins C0...C5 were not tested). Pins F6...F10, which are present on STM32F103x[C-G] in 144-pin packages, cannot be supported at the moment, because those pins are connected only to ADC3, but the ChibiOS ADC driver for STM32F1xx supports only ADC1. * Add support for all possible analog pins on STM32F4xx Added ADC mux values for pins A0...A7, B0, B1, C0...C5 and optionally F3...F10 (if STM32_ADC_USE_ADC3 is enabled). These mux values are apparently the same for all F4xx devices, except some smaller devices may not have ADC3. Actually tested on STM32F401CCU6, STM32F401CEU6, STM32F411CEU6 (using various WeAct “Blackpill” boards); only pins A0...A7, B0, B1 were tested. Pins F3...F10 are inside `#if STM32_ADC_USE_ADC3` because some devices which don't have ADC3 also don't have the GPIOF port, therefore the code which refers to Fx pins does not compile. * Fix STM32F3xx ADC mux table in documentation The ADC driver documentation had some errors in the mux table for STM32F3xx. Fix this table to match the datasheet and the actual code (mux settings for B12 and B13 were also tested on a real STM32F303CCT6 chip). * Add STM32F1xx ADC pins to the documentation * Add STM32F4xx ADC pins to the documentation * Add initial support for tinyuf2 bootloader (when hosted on F411 blackpill) (#12600) * Add support for jumping to tinyuf2 bootloader. Adds blackpill UF2 example. * Update flashing.md * Update chconf.h * Update config.h * Update halconf.h * Update mcuconf.h * eeprom driver: Refactor where eeprom driver initialisation (and EEPROM emulation initialisation) occurs to make it non-target-specific. (#12671) * Add support for MCU = STM32F446 (#12619) * Add support for MCU = STM32F446 * Update platforms/chibios/GENERIC_STM32_F446XE/configs/config.h * Restore mcuconf.h to the one used by RT-STM32F446RE-NUCLEO64 * stm32f446: update mcuconf.h and board.h for 16MHz operation, with USB enabled, and other peripherals disabled. * Format code according to conventions (#12682) * Format code according to conventions (#12687) * Add STM32L433 and L443 support (#12063) * initial L433 commit * change to XC * fix L433 * disable all peripherals * update system and peripheral clocks * 433 change * use its own board files * revert its own board files * l433 specific change * fix stm32l432xx define * remove duplicate #define * fix bootloader jump * move to L443xx and add i2c2, spi2, usart3 to mcuconf.h * move to L443 * move to L443 * fix sdmmc in mcuconf.h * include STM32L443 * add L443 * Include L443 in compatible microcontrollers * Include L443 in compatible microcontrollers * Update config bootloader jump description * Update ChibiOS define reasoning * Update quantum/mcu_selection.mk * fix git conflict * Updated Function96 with V2 files and removed chconf.h and halconf.h (#12613) * Fix bad PR merge for #6580. (#12721) * Change RGB/LED Matrix to use a simple define for USB suspend (#12697) * [CI] Format code according to conventions (#12731) * Fixing transport's led/rgb matrix suspend state logic (#12770) * [CI] Format code according to conventions (#12772) * Fix comment parsing (#12750) * Added OLED fade out support (#12086) * fix some references to bin/qmk that slipped in (#12832) * Resolve a number of warnings in `qmk generate-api` (#12833) * New command: qmk console (#12828) * stash poc * stash * tidy up implementation * Tidy up slightly for review * Tidy up slightly for review * Bodge environment to make tests pass * Refactor away from asyncio due to windows issues * Filter devices * align vid/pid printing * Add hidapi to the installers * start preparing for multiple hid_listeners * udev rules for hid_listen * refactor to move closer to end state * very basic implementation of the threaded model * refactor how vid/pid/index are supplied and parsed * windows improvements * read the report directly when usage page isn't available * add per-device colors, the choice to show names or numbers, and refactor * add timestamps * Add support for showing bootloaders * tweak the color for bootloaders * Align bootloader disconnect with connect color * add support for showing all bootloaders * fix the pyusb check * tweaks * fix exception * hide a stack trace behind -v * add --no-bootloaders option * add documentation for qmk console * Apply suggestions from code review * pyformat * clean up and flesh out KNOWN_BOOTLOADERS * Remove pointless SERIAL_LINK_ENABLE rules (#12846) * Make Swap Hands use PROGMEM (#12284) This converts the array that the Swap Hands feature uses to use PROGMEM, and to read from that array, as such. Since this array never changes at runtime, there is no reason to keep it in memory. Especially for AVR boards, as memory is a precious resource. * Fix another bin/qmk reference (#12856) * [Keymap] Turn OLED off on suspend in soundmonster keymap (#10419) * Fixup build errors on `develop` branch. (#12723) * LED Matrix: Effects! (#12651) * Fix syntax error when compiling for ARM (#12866) * Remove KEYMAP and LAYOUT_kc (#12160) * alias KEYMAP to LAYOUT * remove KEYMAP and LAYOUT_kc * Add setup, clone, and env to the list of commands we allow even with broken modules (#12868) * Rename `point_t` -> `led_point_t` (#12864) * [Keyboard] updated a vendor name / fixed minor keymap issues (#12881) * Add missing LED Matrix suspend code to suspend.c (#12878) * LED Matrix: Documentation (#12685) * Deprecate `send_unicode_hex_string()` (#12602) * Fix spelling mistake regarding LED Matrix in split_common. (#12888) * [Keymap] Fix QWERTY/DVORAK status output for kzar keymap (#12895) * Use milc.subcommand.config instead of qmk.cli.config (#12915) * Use milc.subcommand.config instead * pyformat * remove the config test * Add function to allow repeated blinking of one layer (#12237) * Implement function rgblight_blink_layer_repeat to allow repeated blinking of one layer at a time * Update doc * Rework rgblight blinking according to requested change * optimize storage * Fixup housekeeping from being invoked twice per loop. (#12933) * matrix: wait for row signal to go HIGH for every row (#12945) I noticed this discrepancy (last row of the matrix treated differently than the others) when optimizing the input latency of my keyboard controller, see also https://michael.stapelberg.ch/posts/2021-05-08-keyboard-input-latency-qmk-kinesis/ Before this commit, when tuning the delays I noticed ghost key presses when pressing the F2 key, which is on the last row of the keyboard matrix: the dead_grave key, which is on the first row of the keyboard matrix, would be incorrectly detected as pressed. After this commit, all keyboard matrix rows are interpreted correctly. I suspect that my setup is more susceptible to this nuance than others because I use GPIO_INPUT_PIN_DELAY=0 and hence don’t have another delay that might mask the problem. * ensure we do not conflict with existing keymap aliases (#12976) * Add support for up to 4 IS31FL3733 drivers (#12342) * Convert Encoder callbacks to be boolean functions (#12805) * [Keyboard] Fix Terrazzo build failure (#12977) * Do not hard set config in CPTC files (#11864) * [Keyboard] Corne - Remove legacy revision support (#12226) * [Keymap] Update to Drashna keymap and user code (based on develop) (#12936) * Add Full-duplex serial driver for ARM boards (#9842) * Document LED_MATRIX_FRAMEBUFFER_EFFECTS (#12987) * Backlight: add defines for default level and breathing state (#12560) * Add dire message about LUFA mass storage bootloader (#13014) * [Keyboard] Remove redundant legacy and common headers for crkbd (#13023) Was causing compiler errors on some systems. * Fix keyboards/keymaps for boolean encoder callback changes (#12985) * `backlight.c`: include `eeprom.h` (#13024) * Add changelog for 2021-05-29 Breaking Changes merge (#12939) * Add ChangeLog for 2021-05-29 Breaking Changes Merge: initial version * Add recent develop changes * Sort recent develop changes * Remove sections for ChibiOS changes per tzarc No ChibiOS changes this round. * Add and sort recent develop changes * add notes about keyboard moves/deletions * import changelog for PR 12172 Documents the change to BOOTMAGIC_ENABLE. * update section headings * re-sort changelog * add additional note regarding Bootmagic changes * remove changelog timestamp * update dates in main Breaking Changes docs * fix broken section anchors in previous changelogs * add link to backlight/eeprom patch to changelog * highlight some more changes * link PRs from section headers * Restore standard readme * run: qmk cformat --core-only
2021-05-29 23:38:50 +02:00
|Define |Default |Description |
|-----------------------------|------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|`BACKLIGHT_PIN` |*Not defined* |The pin that controls the LEDs |
2021 May 29 Breaking Changes Update (#13034) * Add Per Key functionality for AutoShift (#11536) * LED Matrix: Reactive effect buffers & advanced indicators (#12588) * [Keyboard] kint36: switch to sym_eager_pk debouncing (#12626) * [Keyboard] kint2pp: reduce input latency by ≈10ms (#12625) * LED Matrix: Split (#12633) * [CI] Format code according to conventions (#12650) * feat: infinite timeout for leader key (#6580) * feat: implement leader_no_timeout logic * docs(leader_key): infinite leader timeout docs * Format code according to conventions (#12680) * Update ADC driver for STM32F1xx, STM32F3xx, STM32F4xx (#12403) * Fix default ADC_RESOLUTION for ADCv3 (and ADCv4) Recent ChibiOS update removed ADC_CFGR1_RES_10BIT from the ADCv3 headers (that macro should not have been there, because ADCv3 has CFGR instead of CFGR1). Fix the default value for ADC_RESOLUTION to use ADC_CFGR_RES_10BITS if it is defined (that name is used for ADCv3 and ADCv4). * Update ADC docs to match the actually used resolution ADC driver for ChibiOS actually uses the 10-bit resolution by default (probably to match AVR); fix the documentation accordingly. Also add both ADC_CFGR_RES_10BITS and ADC_CFGR1_RES_10BIT constants (these names differ according to the ADC implementation in the particular MCU). * Fix pinToMux() for B12 and B13 on STM32F3xx Testing on STM32F303CCT6 revealed that the ADC mux values for B12 and B13 pins were wrong. * Add support for all possible analog pins on STM32F1xx Added ADC mux values for pins A0...A7, B0, B1, C0...C5 on STM32F1xx (they are the same at least for STM32F103x8 and larger F103 devices, and also F102, F105, F107 families). Actually tested on STM32F103C8T6 (therefore pins C0...C5 were not tested). Pins F6...F10, which are present on STM32F103x[C-G] in 144-pin packages, cannot be supported at the moment, because those pins are connected only to ADC3, but the ChibiOS ADC driver for STM32F1xx supports only ADC1. * Add support for all possible analog pins on STM32F4xx Added ADC mux values for pins A0...A7, B0, B1, C0...C5 and optionally F3...F10 (if STM32_ADC_USE_ADC3 is enabled). These mux values are apparently the same for all F4xx devices, except some smaller devices may not have ADC3. Actually tested on STM32F401CCU6, STM32F401CEU6, STM32F411CEU6 (using various WeAct “Blackpill” boards); only pins A0...A7, B0, B1 were tested. Pins F3...F10 are inside `#if STM32_ADC_USE_ADC3` because some devices which don't have ADC3 also don't have the GPIOF port, therefore the code which refers to Fx pins does not compile. * Fix STM32F3xx ADC mux table in documentation The ADC driver documentation had some errors in the mux table for STM32F3xx. Fix this table to match the datasheet and the actual code (mux settings for B12 and B13 were also tested on a real STM32F303CCT6 chip). * Add STM32F1xx ADC pins to the documentation * Add STM32F4xx ADC pins to the documentation * Add initial support for tinyuf2 bootloader (when hosted on F411 blackpill) (#12600) * Add support for jumping to tinyuf2 bootloader. Adds blackpill UF2 example. * Update flashing.md * Update chconf.h * Update config.h * Update halconf.h * Update mcuconf.h * eeprom driver: Refactor where eeprom driver initialisation (and EEPROM emulation initialisation) occurs to make it non-target-specific. (#12671) * Add support for MCU = STM32F446 (#12619) * Add support for MCU = STM32F446 * Update platforms/chibios/GENERIC_STM32_F446XE/configs/config.h * Restore mcuconf.h to the one used by RT-STM32F446RE-NUCLEO64 * stm32f446: update mcuconf.h and board.h for 16MHz operation, with USB enabled, and other peripherals disabled. * Format code according to conventions (#12682) * Format code according to conventions (#12687) * Add STM32L433 and L443 support (#12063) * initial L433 commit * change to XC * fix L433 * disable all peripherals * update system and peripheral clocks * 433 change * use its own board files * revert its own board files * l433 specific change * fix stm32l432xx define * remove duplicate #define * fix bootloader jump * move to L443xx and add i2c2, spi2, usart3 to mcuconf.h * move to L443 * move to L443 * fix sdmmc in mcuconf.h * include STM32L443 * add L443 * Include L443 in compatible microcontrollers * Include L443 in compatible microcontrollers * Update config bootloader jump description * Update ChibiOS define reasoning * Update quantum/mcu_selection.mk * fix git conflict * Updated Function96 with V2 files and removed chconf.h and halconf.h (#12613) * Fix bad PR merge for #6580. (#12721) * Change RGB/LED Matrix to use a simple define for USB suspend (#12697) * [CI] Format code according to conventions (#12731) * Fixing transport's led/rgb matrix suspend state logic (#12770) * [CI] Format code according to conventions (#12772) * Fix comment parsing (#12750) * Added OLED fade out support (#12086) * fix some references to bin/qmk that slipped in (#12832) * Resolve a number of warnings in `qmk generate-api` (#12833) * New command: qmk console (#12828) * stash poc * stash * tidy up implementation * Tidy up slightly for review * Tidy up slightly for review * Bodge environment to make tests pass * Refactor away from asyncio due to windows issues * Filter devices * align vid/pid printing * Add hidapi to the installers * start preparing for multiple hid_listeners * udev rules for hid_listen * refactor to move closer to end state * very basic implementation of the threaded model * refactor how vid/pid/index are supplied and parsed * windows improvements * read the report directly when usage page isn't available * add per-device colors, the choice to show names or numbers, and refactor * add timestamps * Add support for showing bootloaders * tweak the color for bootloaders * Align bootloader disconnect with connect color * add support for showing all bootloaders * fix the pyusb check * tweaks * fix exception * hide a stack trace behind -v * add --no-bootloaders option * add documentation for qmk console * Apply suggestions from code review * pyformat * clean up and flesh out KNOWN_BOOTLOADERS * Remove pointless SERIAL_LINK_ENABLE rules (#12846) * Make Swap Hands use PROGMEM (#12284) This converts the array that the Swap Hands feature uses to use PROGMEM, and to read from that array, as such. Since this array never changes at runtime, there is no reason to keep it in memory. Especially for AVR boards, as memory is a precious resource. * Fix another bin/qmk reference (#12856) * [Keymap] Turn OLED off on suspend in soundmonster keymap (#10419) * Fixup build errors on `develop` branch. (#12723) * LED Matrix: Effects! (#12651) * Fix syntax error when compiling for ARM (#12866) * Remove KEYMAP and LAYOUT_kc (#12160) * alias KEYMAP to LAYOUT * remove KEYMAP and LAYOUT_kc * Add setup, clone, and env to the list of commands we allow even with broken modules (#12868) * Rename `point_t` -> `led_point_t` (#12864) * [Keyboard] updated a vendor name / fixed minor keymap issues (#12881) * Add missing LED Matrix suspend code to suspend.c (#12878) * LED Matrix: Documentation (#12685) * Deprecate `send_unicode_hex_string()` (#12602) * Fix spelling mistake regarding LED Matrix in split_common. (#12888) * [Keymap] Fix QWERTY/DVORAK status output for kzar keymap (#12895) * Use milc.subcommand.config instead of qmk.cli.config (#12915) * Use milc.subcommand.config instead * pyformat * remove the config test * Add function to allow repeated blinking of one layer (#12237) * Implement function rgblight_blink_layer_repeat to allow repeated blinking of one layer at a time * Update doc * Rework rgblight blinking according to requested change * optimize storage * Fixup housekeeping from being invoked twice per loop. (#12933) * matrix: wait for row signal to go HIGH for every row (#12945) I noticed this discrepancy (last row of the matrix treated differently than the others) when optimizing the input latency of my keyboard controller, see also https://michael.stapelberg.ch/posts/2021-05-08-keyboard-input-latency-qmk-kinesis/ Before this commit, when tuning the delays I noticed ghost key presses when pressing the F2 key, which is on the last row of the keyboard matrix: the dead_grave key, which is on the first row of the keyboard matrix, would be incorrectly detected as pressed. After this commit, all keyboard matrix rows are interpreted correctly. I suspect that my setup is more susceptible to this nuance than others because I use GPIO_INPUT_PIN_DELAY=0 and hence don’t have another delay that might mask the problem. * ensure we do not conflict with existing keymap aliases (#12976) * Add support for up to 4 IS31FL3733 drivers (#12342) * Convert Encoder callbacks to be boolean functions (#12805) * [Keyboard] Fix Terrazzo build failure (#12977) * Do not hard set config in CPTC files (#11864) * [Keyboard] Corne - Remove legacy revision support (#12226) * [Keymap] Update to Drashna keymap and user code (based on develop) (#12936) * Add Full-duplex serial driver for ARM boards (#9842) * Document LED_MATRIX_FRAMEBUFFER_EFFECTS (#12987) * Backlight: add defines for default level and breathing state (#12560) * Add dire message about LUFA mass storage bootloader (#13014) * [Keyboard] Remove redundant legacy and common headers for crkbd (#13023) Was causing compiler errors on some systems. * Fix keyboards/keymaps for boolean encoder callback changes (#12985) * `backlight.c`: include `eeprom.h` (#13024) * Add changelog for 2021-05-29 Breaking Changes merge (#12939) * Add ChangeLog for 2021-05-29 Breaking Changes Merge: initial version * Add recent develop changes * Sort recent develop changes * Remove sections for ChibiOS changes per tzarc No ChibiOS changes this round. * Add and sort recent develop changes * add notes about keyboard moves/deletions * import changelog for PR 12172 Documents the change to BOOTMAGIC_ENABLE. * update section headings * re-sort changelog * add additional note regarding Bootmagic changes * remove changelog timestamp * update dates in main Breaking Changes docs * fix broken section anchors in previous changelogs * add link to backlight/eeprom patch to changelog * highlight some more changes * link PRs from section headers * Restore standard readme * run: qmk cformat --core-only
2021-05-29 23:38:50 +02:00
|`BACKLIGHT_LEVELS` |`3` |The number of brightness levels (maximum 31 excluding off) |
|`BACKLIGHT_CAPS_LOCK` |*Not defined* |Enable Caps Lock indicator using backlight (for keyboards without dedicated LED) |
|`BACKLIGHT_BREATHING` |*Not defined* |Enable backlight breathing, if supported |
|`BREATHING_PERIOD` |`6` |The length of one backlight "breath" in seconds |
|`BACKLIGHT_ON_STATE` |`1` |The state of the backlight pin when the backlight is "on" - `1` for high, `0` for low |
|`BACKLIGHT_LIMIT_VAL` |`255` |The maximum duty cycle of the backlight -- `255` allows for full brightness, any lower will decrease the maximum.|
|`BACKLIGHT_DEFAULT_ON` |`true` |Enable backlight upon clearing the EEPROM |
|`BACKLIGHT_DEFAULT_BREATHING`|`false` |Whether to enable backlight breathing upon clearing the EEPROM |
2021 May 29 Breaking Changes Update (#13034) * Add Per Key functionality for AutoShift (#11536) * LED Matrix: Reactive effect buffers & advanced indicators (#12588) * [Keyboard] kint36: switch to sym_eager_pk debouncing (#12626) * [Keyboard] kint2pp: reduce input latency by ≈10ms (#12625) * LED Matrix: Split (#12633) * [CI] Format code according to conventions (#12650) * feat: infinite timeout for leader key (#6580) * feat: implement leader_no_timeout logic * docs(leader_key): infinite leader timeout docs * Format code according to conventions (#12680) * Update ADC driver for STM32F1xx, STM32F3xx, STM32F4xx (#12403) * Fix default ADC_RESOLUTION for ADCv3 (and ADCv4) Recent ChibiOS update removed ADC_CFGR1_RES_10BIT from the ADCv3 headers (that macro should not have been there, because ADCv3 has CFGR instead of CFGR1). Fix the default value for ADC_RESOLUTION to use ADC_CFGR_RES_10BITS if it is defined (that name is used for ADCv3 and ADCv4). * Update ADC docs to match the actually used resolution ADC driver for ChibiOS actually uses the 10-bit resolution by default (probably to match AVR); fix the documentation accordingly. Also add both ADC_CFGR_RES_10BITS and ADC_CFGR1_RES_10BIT constants (these names differ according to the ADC implementation in the particular MCU). * Fix pinToMux() for B12 and B13 on STM32F3xx Testing on STM32F303CCT6 revealed that the ADC mux values for B12 and B13 pins were wrong. * Add support for all possible analog pins on STM32F1xx Added ADC mux values for pins A0...A7, B0, B1, C0...C5 on STM32F1xx (they are the same at least for STM32F103x8 and larger F103 devices, and also F102, F105, F107 families). Actually tested on STM32F103C8T6 (therefore pins C0...C5 were not tested). Pins F6...F10, which are present on STM32F103x[C-G] in 144-pin packages, cannot be supported at the moment, because those pins are connected only to ADC3, but the ChibiOS ADC driver for STM32F1xx supports only ADC1. * Add support for all possible analog pins on STM32F4xx Added ADC mux values for pins A0...A7, B0, B1, C0...C5 and optionally F3...F10 (if STM32_ADC_USE_ADC3 is enabled). These mux values are apparently the same for all F4xx devices, except some smaller devices may not have ADC3. Actually tested on STM32F401CCU6, STM32F401CEU6, STM32F411CEU6 (using various WeAct “Blackpill” boards); only pins A0...A7, B0, B1 were tested. Pins F3...F10 are inside `#if STM32_ADC_USE_ADC3` because some devices which don't have ADC3 also don't have the GPIOF port, therefore the code which refers to Fx pins does not compile. * Fix STM32F3xx ADC mux table in documentation The ADC driver documentation had some errors in the mux table for STM32F3xx. Fix this table to match the datasheet and the actual code (mux settings for B12 and B13 were also tested on a real STM32F303CCT6 chip). * Add STM32F1xx ADC pins to the documentation * Add STM32F4xx ADC pins to the documentation * Add initial support for tinyuf2 bootloader (when hosted on F411 blackpill) (#12600) * Add support for jumping to tinyuf2 bootloader. Adds blackpill UF2 example. * Update flashing.md * Update chconf.h * Update config.h * Update halconf.h * Update mcuconf.h * eeprom driver: Refactor where eeprom driver initialisation (and EEPROM emulation initialisation) occurs to make it non-target-specific. (#12671) * Add support for MCU = STM32F446 (#12619) * Add support for MCU = STM32F446 * Update platforms/chibios/GENERIC_STM32_F446XE/configs/config.h * Restore mcuconf.h to the one used by RT-STM32F446RE-NUCLEO64 * stm32f446: update mcuconf.h and board.h for 16MHz operation, with USB enabled, and other peripherals disabled. * Format code according to conventions (#12682) * Format code according to conventions (#12687) * Add STM32L433 and L443 support (#12063) * initial L433 commit * change to XC * fix L433 * disable all peripherals * update system and peripheral clocks * 433 change * use its own board files * revert its own board files * l433 specific change * fix stm32l432xx define * remove duplicate #define * fix bootloader jump * move to L443xx and add i2c2, spi2, usart3 to mcuconf.h * move to L443 * move to L443 * fix sdmmc in mcuconf.h * include STM32L443 * add L443 * Include L443 in compatible microcontrollers * Include L443 in compatible microcontrollers * Update config bootloader jump description * Update ChibiOS define reasoning * Update quantum/mcu_selection.mk * fix git conflict * Updated Function96 with V2 files and removed chconf.h and halconf.h (#12613) * Fix bad PR merge for #6580. (#12721) * Change RGB/LED Matrix to use a simple define for USB suspend (#12697) * [CI] Format code according to conventions (#12731) * Fixing transport's led/rgb matrix suspend state logic (#12770) * [CI] Format code according to conventions (#12772) * Fix comment parsing (#12750) * Added OLED fade out support (#12086) * fix some references to bin/qmk that slipped in (#12832) * Resolve a number of warnings in `qmk generate-api` (#12833) * New command: qmk console (#12828) * stash poc * stash * tidy up implementation * Tidy up slightly for review * Tidy up slightly for review * Bodge environment to make tests pass * Refactor away from asyncio due to windows issues * Filter devices * align vid/pid printing * Add hidapi to the installers * start preparing for multiple hid_listeners * udev rules for hid_listen * refactor to move closer to end state * very basic implementation of the threaded model * refactor how vid/pid/index are supplied and parsed * windows improvements * read the report directly when usage page isn't available * add per-device colors, the choice to show names or numbers, and refactor * add timestamps * Add support for showing bootloaders * tweak the color for bootloaders * Align bootloader disconnect with connect color * add support for showing all bootloaders * fix the pyusb check * tweaks * fix exception * hide a stack trace behind -v * add --no-bootloaders option * add documentation for qmk console * Apply suggestions from code review * pyformat * clean up and flesh out KNOWN_BOOTLOADERS * Remove pointless SERIAL_LINK_ENABLE rules (#12846) * Make Swap Hands use PROGMEM (#12284) This converts the array that the Swap Hands feature uses to use PROGMEM, and to read from that array, as such. Since this array never changes at runtime, there is no reason to keep it in memory. Especially for AVR boards, as memory is a precious resource. * Fix another bin/qmk reference (#12856) * [Keymap] Turn OLED off on suspend in soundmonster keymap (#10419) * Fixup build errors on `develop` branch. (#12723) * LED Matrix: Effects! (#12651) * Fix syntax error when compiling for ARM (#12866) * Remove KEYMAP and LAYOUT_kc (#12160) * alias KEYMAP to LAYOUT * remove KEYMAP and LAYOUT_kc * Add setup, clone, and env to the list of commands we allow even with broken modules (#12868) * Rename `point_t` -> `led_point_t` (#12864) * [Keyboard] updated a vendor name / fixed minor keymap issues (#12881) * Add missing LED Matrix suspend code to suspend.c (#12878) * LED Matrix: Documentation (#12685) * Deprecate `send_unicode_hex_string()` (#12602) * Fix spelling mistake regarding LED Matrix in split_common. (#12888) * [Keymap] Fix QWERTY/DVORAK status output for kzar keymap (#12895) * Use milc.subcommand.config instead of qmk.cli.config (#12915) * Use milc.subcommand.config instead * pyformat * remove the config test * Add function to allow repeated blinking of one layer (#12237) * Implement function rgblight_blink_layer_repeat to allow repeated blinking of one layer at a time * Update doc * Rework rgblight blinking according to requested change * optimize storage * Fixup housekeeping from being invoked twice per loop. (#12933) * matrix: wait for row signal to go HIGH for every row (#12945) I noticed this discrepancy (last row of the matrix treated differently than the others) when optimizing the input latency of my keyboard controller, see also https://michael.stapelberg.ch/posts/2021-05-08-keyboard-input-latency-qmk-kinesis/ Before this commit, when tuning the delays I noticed ghost key presses when pressing the F2 key, which is on the last row of the keyboard matrix: the dead_grave key, which is on the first row of the keyboard matrix, would be incorrectly detected as pressed. After this commit, all keyboard matrix rows are interpreted correctly. I suspect that my setup is more susceptible to this nuance than others because I use GPIO_INPUT_PIN_DELAY=0 and hence don’t have another delay that might mask the problem. * ensure we do not conflict with existing keymap aliases (#12976) * Add support for up to 4 IS31FL3733 drivers (#12342) * Convert Encoder callbacks to be boolean functions (#12805) * [Keyboard] Fix Terrazzo build failure (#12977) * Do not hard set config in CPTC files (#11864) * [Keyboard] Corne - Remove legacy revision support (#12226) * [Keymap] Update to Drashna keymap and user code (based on develop) (#12936) * Add Full-duplex serial driver for ARM boards (#9842) * Document LED_MATRIX_FRAMEBUFFER_EFFECTS (#12987) * Backlight: add defines for default level and breathing state (#12560) * Add dire message about LUFA mass storage bootloader (#13014) * [Keyboard] Remove redundant legacy and common headers for crkbd (#13023) Was causing compiler errors on some systems. * Fix keyboards/keymaps for boolean encoder callback changes (#12985) * `backlight.c`: include `eeprom.h` (#13024) * Add changelog for 2021-05-29 Breaking Changes merge (#12939) * Add ChangeLog for 2021-05-29 Breaking Changes Merge: initial version * Add recent develop changes * Sort recent develop changes * Remove sections for ChibiOS changes per tzarc No ChibiOS changes this round. * Add and sort recent develop changes * add notes about keyboard moves/deletions * import changelog for PR 12172 Documents the change to BOOTMAGIC_ENABLE. * update section headings * re-sort changelog * add additional note regarding Bootmagic changes * remove changelog timestamp * update dates in main Breaking Changes docs * fix broken section anchors in previous changelogs * add link to backlight/eeprom patch to changelog * highlight some more changes * link PRs from section headers * Restore standard readme * run: qmk cformat --core-only
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|`BACKLIGHT_DEFAULT_LEVEL` |`BACKLIGHT_LEVELS`|The default backlight level to use upon clearing the EEPROM |
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Unless you are designing your own keyboard, you generally should not need to change the `BACKLIGHT_PIN` or `BACKLIGHT_ON_STATE`.
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### "On" State {#on-state}
Most backlight circuits are driven by an N-channel MOSFET or NPN transistor. This means that to turn the transistor *on* and light the LEDs, you must drive the backlight pin, connected to the gate or base, *high*.
Sometimes, however, a P-channel MOSFET, or a PNP transistor is used. In this case, when the transistor is on, the pin is driven *low* instead.
To configure the "on" state of the backlight circuit, add the following to your `config.h`:
```c
#define BACKLIGHT_ON_STATE 0
```
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### Multiple Backlight Pins {#multiple-backlight-pins}
Most keyboards have only one backlight pin which controls all backlight LEDs (especially if the backlight is connected to a hardware PWM pin).
The `timer` and `software` drivers allow you to define multiple backlight pins, which will be turned on and off at the same time during the PWM duty cycle.
This feature allows to set, for instance, the Caps Lock LED's (or any other controllable LED) brightness at the same level as the other LEDs of the backlight. This is useful if you have mapped Control in place of Caps Lock and you need the Caps Lock LED to be part of the backlight instead of being activated when Caps Lock is on, as it is usually wired to a separate pin from the backlight.
To configure multiple backlight pins, add something like this to your `config.h`, instead of `BACKLIGHT_PIN`:
```c
#define BACKLIGHT_PINS { F5, B2 }
```
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## Driver Configuration {#driver-configuration}
Backlight driver selection is configured in `rules.mk`. Valid drivers are `pwm` (default), `timer`, `software`, or `custom`. See below for information on individual drivers.
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### PWM Driver {#pwm-driver}
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This is the default backlight driver, which leverages the hardware PWM output capability of the microcontroller.
```make
BACKLIGHT_DRIVER = pwm
```
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### Timer Driver {#timer-driver}
This driver is similar to the PWM driver, but instead of directly configuring the pin to output a PWM signal, an interrupt handler is attached to the timer to turn the pin on and off as appropriate.
```make
BACKLIGHT_DRIVER = timer
```
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### Software Driver {#software-driver}
In this mode, PWM is "emulated" while running other keyboard tasks. It offers maximum hardware compatibility without extra platform configuration. However, breathing is not supported, and the backlight can flicker when the keyboard is busy.
```make
BACKLIGHT_DRIVER = software
```
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### Custom Driver {#custom-driver}
If none of the above drivers apply to your board (for example, you are using a separate IC to control the backlight), you can implement a custom backlight driver using a simple API.
```make
BACKLIGHT_DRIVER = custom
```
```c
void backlight_init_ports(void) {
// Optional - runs on startup
// Usually you want to configure pins here
}
void backlight_set(uint8_t level) {
// Optional - runs on level change
// Usually you want to respond to the new value
}
void backlight_task(void) {
// Optional - runs periodically
// Note that this is called in the main keyboard loop,
// so long running actions here can cause performance issues
}
```
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## AVR Configuration {#avr-configuration}
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### PWM Driver {#avr-pwm-driver}
The following table describes the supported pins for the PWM driver. Only cells marked with a timer number are capable of hardware PWM output; any others must use the `timer` driver.
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|Backlight Pin|AT90USB64/128|AT90USB162|ATmega16/32U4|ATmega16/32U2|ATmega32A|ATmega328/P|
|-------------|-------------|----------|-------------|-------------|---------|-----------|
|`B1` | | | | | |Timer 1 |
|`B2` | | | | | |Timer 1 |
|`B5` |Timer 1 | |Timer 1 | | | |
|`B6` |Timer 1 | |Timer 1 | | | |
|`B7` |Timer 1 |Timer 1 |Timer 1 |Timer 1 | | |
|`C4` |Timer 3 | | | | | |
|`C5` |Timer 3 |Timer 1 | |Timer 1 | | |
|`C6` |Timer 3 |Timer 1 |Timer 3 |Timer 1 | | |
|`D4` | | | | |Timer 1 | |
|`D5` | | | | |Timer 1 | |
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### Timer Driver {#avr-timer-driver}
Any GPIO pin can be used with this driver. The following table describes the supported timers:
|AT90USB64/128|AT90USB162|ATmega16/32U4|ATmega16/32U2|ATmega32A|ATmega328/P|
|-------------|----------|-------------|-------------|---------|-----------|
|Timers 1 & 3 |Timer 1 |Timers 1 & 3 |Timer 1 |Timer 1 |Timer 1 |
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The following `#define`s apply only to the `timer` driver:
|Define |Default|Description |
|-----------------------|-------|----------------|
|`BACKLIGHT_PWM_TIMER` |`1` |The timer to use|
Note that the choice of timer may conflict with the [Audio](audio) feature.
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## ChibiOS/ARM Configuration {#arm-configuration}
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### PWM Driver {#arm-pwm-driver}
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Depending on the ChibiOS board configuration, you may need to enable PWM at the keyboard level. For STM32, this would look like:
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`halconf.h`:
```c
#define HAL_USE_PWM TRUE
```
`mcuconf.h`:
```c
#undef STM32_PWM_USE_TIM4
#define STM32_PWM_USE_TIM4 TRUE
```
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The following `#define`s apply only to the `pwm` driver:
|Define |Default |Description |
|-----------------------|-------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|`BACKLIGHT_PWM_DRIVER` |`PWMD4` |The PWM driver to use |
|`BACKLIGHT_PWM_CHANNEL`|`3` |The PWM channel to use |
|`BACKLIGHT_PAL_MODE` |`2` |The pin alternative function to use |
|`BACKLIGHT_PWM_PERIOD` |*Not defined*|The PWM period in counter ticks - Default is platform dependent|
Refer to the ST datasheet for your particular MCU to determine these values. For example, these defaults are set up for pin `B8` on a Proton-C (STM32F303) using `TIM4_CH3` on AF2. Unless you are designing your own keyboard, you generally should not need to change them.
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### Timer Driver {#arm-timer-driver}
Depending on the ChibiOS board configuration, you may need to enable general-purpose timers at the keyboard level. For STM32, this would look like:
`halconf.h`:
```c
#define HAL_USE_GPT TRUE
```
`mcuconf.h`:
```c
#undef STM32_GPT_USE_TIM15
#define STM32_GPT_USE_TIM15 TRUE
```
The following `#define`s apply only to the `timer` driver:
|Define |Default |Description |
|----------------------|--------|----------------|
|`BACKLIGHT_GPT_DRIVER`|`GPTD15`|The timer to use|
## Example Schematic
Since the MCU can only supply so much current to its GPIO pins, instead of powering the backlight directly from the MCU, the backlight pin is connected to a transistor or MOSFET that switches the power to the LEDs.
In this typical example, the backlight LEDs are all connected in parallel towards an N-channel MOSFET. Its gate pin is wired to one of the microcontroller's GPIO pins through a 470Ω resistor to avoid ringing.
A pulldown resistor is also placed between the gate pin and ground to keep it at a defined state when it is not otherwise being driven by the MCU.
The values of these resistors are not critical - see [this Electronics StackExchange question](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/q/68748) for more information.
![Backlight example circuit](https://i.imgur.com/BmAvoUC.png)
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## API {#api}
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### `void backlight_toggle(void)` {#api-backlight-toggle}
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Toggle the backlight on or off.
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---
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### `void backlight_enable(void)` {#api-backlight-enable}
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Turn the backlight on.
---
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### `void backlight_disable(void)` {#api-backlight-disable}
Turn the backlight off.
---
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### `void backlight_step(void)` {#api-backlight-step}
Cycle through backlight levels.
---
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### `void backlight_increase(void)` {#api-backlight-increase}
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Increase the backlight level.
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---
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### `void backlight_decrease(void)` {#api-backlight-decrease}
Decrease the backlight level.
---
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### `void backlight_level(uint8_t level)` {#api-backlight-level}
Set the backlight level.
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#### Arguments {#api-backlight-level-arguments}
- `uint8_t level`
The level to set, from 0 to `BACKLIGHT_LEVELS`.
---
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### `uint8_t get_backlight_level(void)` {#api-get-backlight-level}
Get the current backlight level.
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#### Return Value {#api-get-backlight-level-return}
The current backlight level, from 0 to `BACKLIGHT_LEVELS`.
---
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### `bool is_backlight_enabled(void)` {#api-is-backlight-enabled}
Get the current backlight state.
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#### Return Value {#api-is-backlight-enabled-return}
`true` if the backlight is enabled.
---
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### `void backlight_toggle_breathing(void)` {#api-backlight-toggle-breathing}
Toggle backlight breathing on or off.
---
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### `void backlight_enable_breathing(void)` {#api-backlight-enable-breathing}
Turn backlight breathing on.
---
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### `void backlight_disable_breathing(void)` {#api-backlight-disable-breathing}
Turn backlight breathing off.
---
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### `bool is_backlight_breathing(void)` {#api-is-backlight-breathing}
Get the current backlight breathing state.
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#### Return Value {#api-is-backlight-breathing-return}
`true` if backlight breathing is enabled.